Journal of Business and Econometrics Studies

Guidelines

Journal of Business and Econometrics Studies is an open-access publication.

Open Access Policy
All articles published by AIMS Press are Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ). Under this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their content, and anyone can copy, distribute, or reuse these articles as long as the author and original source are properly cited.

Benefits of Open Access

• Maximize research impact.
• No permission is required from the authors and publishers to cite the content.
• All global researchers can access the content freely.

Copyright Notice
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms. If a submission is rejected or withdrawn prior to publication, all rights return to the author(s):

1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

Submitting to the journal implicitly confirms that all named authors and rights holders have agreed to the above terms of publication. It is the submitting author's responsibility to ensure all authors and relevant institutional bodies have given their agreement at the point of submission.

Note: some institutions require authors to seek written approval in relation to the terms of publication. Should this be required, authors can request a separate license agreement document from the editorial team (e.g. authors who are Crown employees).

Plagiarism Policy
Definition of Plagiarism
Plagiarism includes, but is not limited to:

• Copying text, images, code, or ideas from any source without proper citation.
• Submitting someone else’s work as your own.
• Rewording or paraphrasing another’s work without attribution.
• Using AI-generated content without acknowledgment (if applicable).
• Self-plagiarism (reusing one’s own previous work without permission or citation).

Acceptable and Unacceptable Use
✅ Acceptable:

• Quoting and citing sources properly.
• Summarizing or paraphrasing with correct attribution.
• Using public domain or open-source materials with acknowledgment.

❌ Unacceptable:

• Copying work without permission or citation.
• Submitting assignments, reports, or projects not created by you.
• Fabricating or misrepresenting sources.

Consequences of Plagiarism
Plagiarism violations may result in:

• Formal warning.
• Request for resubmission with proper citations.
• Grade reduction or failure (for academic settings).
• Disciplinary action, including suspension or termination (for professional settings).

Detection and Reporting

• All work may be checked using plagiarism detection tools.
• Individuals can report suspected plagiarism to the appropriate authority.
• Investigations will follow a fair review process.

Privacy Statement
The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.

Article Processing Charge Policy
Our authors and readers enjoy the advantages of open access. We believe that open access promotes accessibility and scientific uptake worldwide, serving the best interests of the professional and scientific communities and the public at large.

Since no fees are charged for access to articles, OASK offsets publication expenses – including those of peer review management, journal production, and online hosting and archiving – by charging a publication fee, also known as an Article Processing Charge (APC), to authors, institutions or funders for each article published.

The APC for each journal is published on the journal website (if applicable). The authors remain ultimately responsible for the payment of the APC (if applicable), even if the responsibility for the payment has been transferred by them to a third party (e.g. institution or funder). In the event that the article is retracted by the authors after acceptance, they shall be liable for all costs incurred by OASK up to the point of retraction.

Authors are encouraged to contact their institution, funder or the Editor-in-Chief of the journal for more details of possible APC funding opportunities. Possibilities are: covering APC in the research grant, utilizing the open access funds of the institution, or a direct APC waiver by the publisher. If the APC was formally waived by the publisher, the authors would not be held responsible for any APC.

OASK publication decisions ultimately are based solely on editorial and scientific criteria and are completely independent of APC payments.

Invoicing and payment
The final APC is derived from an estimated A4 PDF page count, based on the manuscript word count, and no changes will be made after invoicing. APC will be invoiced once a manuscript has received editorial acceptance in principle, following peer review. Only one invoice shall be issued per article (no splitting of invoices) in order to expedite publication and keep costs to a minimum. Payment can be made by Credit Card and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). The article will only be published once full payment has been received. If payment is made by EFT from a non-South African bank account, the author will be responsible for any bank transfer charges at the time of the transaction. In all cases, a receipt will be sent by email once payment has been received.

Galley Change Fees (GCF)
Authors will be given the opportunity to revise and approve the text of the accepted manuscript in the final phase of copy-editing. After author approval, the manuscript will go to design layout. The author will be asked to proofread the final galleys before going to publishing. Proofreading is intended to correct typesetting mistakes and not to introduce new changes to the text; such changes will require a new layout of the pages. If new changes are introduced in this final proofreading stage, the publisher will charge Galley Change Fees (GFC) to the author, based on the cost incurred to make such changes.

Refund policy
To ensure that OASK  does not charge twice for the same article, we will fully refund the APC where alternative funding is provided for an open-access article. For example, when an open-access article is part of a special issue or special collection that is later made available in its entirety on an open-access basis, such as through sponsorship by an organization, we will fully refund individual APCs that have already been paid.

However, no refunds or credits on APCs, or limited refunds on APCs, will be offered in the following circumstances:

• Article retraction: OASK has provided a full publishing service and uses the APCs in order to recoup this investment. If an article that has been worked on by OASK is later retracted, this does not negate the fact that publishing services have been provided, including ongoing maintenance of the scientific record (e.g., archiving in perpetuity).
• Article removal: In the rare occurrence of an article being removed entirely after being published, we will not refund or credit an APC. This is because OASK has provided publishing services, for which the APCs help cover the costs. Such removal of the article does not negate the fact that such services have been provided and is usually for reasons beyond our control.
• Delays due to editorial decisions or author changes: These are a standard part of the publishing process.
• Circumstances beyond our control: This may include, for example, where natural or other disasters prevent OASK from fulfilling its obligations.
• Article unavailable on another platform: OASK ’s responsibility is to ensure that the definitive published versions of articles that we publish are available on the relevant Journal (or any successor) platform, in ways that are accessible to all. We provide APIs in order to enable third-party platforms to manage this process themselves; for example, to identify and pull open access articles or update their platforms to reflect later changes that are made to the article, such as errata and retractions. OASK is also not responsible for ensuring that third-party repositories maintain accurate metadata and full texts.
  Article declined after acceptance and payment but prior to publication: OASK and the editorial team, including the editors and reviewers of the relevant journal, have added value to and accepted the article, however, it emerges that either

• OASK and the editorial team accepted the article through their error, and the author(s) already paid the APCs. In this case, the author(s) will be refunded a pro-rata APC depending on the extent of services already rendered, e.g., a single round of peer review and copy editing that have been completed, up to a maximum of 50%; or
• the article cannot be published as a result of major error, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, redundant publication, copyright infringement, unethical research, a compromised or manipulated peer-review process or failure of the authors(s) to disclose a major conflict of interest. In this case, no refund will apply.

• Article is withdrawn after acceptance and payment but prior to publication: OASK and the editorial team, including the editors and reviewers of the relevant journal, have added value to and accepted the article, and the author(s) paid the APCs, but the author(s) decide(s) to withdraw the article. In this case, no refund will apply.

Plagiarism and fabrication
Plagiarism is when an author attempts to pass off someone else's work as his or her own. Duplicate publication, sometimes called self-plagiarism, occurs when an author reuses substantial parts of his or her own published work without providing the appropriate references. This can range from having an identical manuscript published in multiple journals, to 'salami-slicing', where authors add small amounts of new data to a previous manuscript.

Plagiarism can be said to have clearly occurred when large chunks of text have been cut and pasted. Such manuscripts would not be considered for publication in an OASK journal. However, minor plagiarism without dishonest intent is relatively frequent, for example when an author reuses parts of an introduction from an earlier manuscript. OASK journal editors judge any case of which they become aware (either by their own knowledge of and reading about the literature, or when alerted by referees) on its own merits.

OASK is a member of CrossCheck, an initiative to help editors verify the originality of submitted manuscripts. As part of this process, all manuscripts are scanned and compared with the CrossCheck database.

If a case of plagiarism comes to light after a manuscript is published in an OASK journal, the journal will conduct a preliminary investigation. If plagiarism is found, the journal will contact the author's institute and funding agencies. A determination of misconduct will lead the OASK  journal to publish a corrigendum linked to the original publication, with an explanation. Depending on the extent of the plagiarism, the manuscript may also be formally retracted.

Instructions for Authors
Manuscripts must be written in clear, correct, and unambiguous standard English. Papers that don't adhere to these requirements won't be accepted.

The following components should be included in all manuscripts submitted to the journal for use as research and review articles:

Title page, Abstract, Keywords, List of Abbreviations (if any), Introduction, Materials and Methods or Experimental Procedures, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgments, Reference, Figures, Tables

You may submit manuscripts online https://oaskpublishers.com/article-submission or E-mail: econometrics@oaskpublishers.org

Title Page
The title should not use acronyms and should be no longer than 25 words. The main idea of the research findings should be reflected in the title.

Author Affiliations: All authors' full names, affiliations, and contact information (including a telephone number, fax number, and email address) should be listed beneath the title.

Abstract
The abstract should be educational and entirely self-explanatory, providing a brief introduction to the subject, outlining the parameters of the experiment(s), and highlighting the importance of the study and key conclusions. In no more than 250 words, the abstract should provide a synopsis of the entire book. Abbreviations should be avoided, and standard terminology should be used instead. A description of the study's background, methods, results, and conclusion should be included in the preferred format. The abstract should be followed by at least 5 to 6 keywords.

Text Introduction:
The opening should establish the tone of the document by clearly stating the study and the suggested strategy or fix. While outlining the significance of the study with appropriate references, the introduction should be sufficiently general to grab the reader's interest.

Review of Literature:
All research, reviews, and case reports must include a thorough analysis of the relevant literature and emphasise to the reader how the study will advance the body of knowledge.

Materials and Methods:
A thorough summary of the study's design should be provided in this part. To make the data more understandable for the readers, thorough descriptions of the research techniques used, the sample size, and the method of the experiment should be included. The data should also be presented in the form of tables, figures, images, etc.

Discussion:
To discuss the key findings from the study, a full statistical analysis of the data supplied using formulae, equations, etc. is necessary. This is a crucial component of the research that should yield the whole findings of the investigation.

Findings:
In order to establish or refute the claim made at the beginning of the study, this section presents the investigation's key findings through comparisons, probability calculations, and testing of the e hypothesis.

Limitations, Conclusions, and Recommendations

The limits of the study, if any, as well as the sample size or methods used to conduct it, are listed by the authors after summarising the full investigation. The author(s) offers detailed suggestions on how to carry out further study in this field.

Funding The authors must acknowledge the funding agencies if any in their studies.

Acknowledgments: Author/s must acknowledge all the agencies, institutes, and individuals that supported the study in the end.

References
At the end of the manuscript, a list of all the references that were used in the text should be provided. The vancover agreement specifies how the references should be cited. The order in which they are first mentioned in the text should determine the order in which they are numbered. Arabic numerals [in square brackets] are used to identify references in the text. All sources that are cited must be verified by the authors. You must cite each author.

Fee Policy
Once an article has been accepted for publication, any article processing fees that were incurred to process the article are now due. OASK Publishers is an Open Access publisher and the Article Processing Charges of USD $1519 also once payment is processed, the journal will not issue refunds of any kind.