Politics and Polarization: Social Identity Framework for Understanding Political Divisions
Yaron Katz
Abstract
This paper examines the role of social identity in shaping political polarization in Israel, utilizing Cameron's multidimensional model of social identity. By analyzing the cognitive centrality, in-group affect, and in-group ties of various political and ethnic groups, the study highlights how identity dynamics drive political behavior and intergroup relations. Focusing on key identity fault lines such as the Ultra-Orthodox vs. Secular Jews, Jewish Israelis vs. Palestinian citizens of Israel, and Right-Wing Nationalists vs. Left-Leaning Secularists, the paper demonstrates how political identities are deeply embedded in the social fabric of Israeli society. The concept of “invited unfriending” in digital spaces serves as a contemporary manifestation of boundary-setting that reinforces ideological homogeneity and exacerbates polarization. Through these identity dynamics, the study emphasizes the psychological foundations of polarization and the importance of inclusive political strategies to address these divisions. By applying this framework to Israeli politics, the paper contributes to broader discussions on the global rise of identity-based polarization and offers insights for other democratic societies facing similar challenges. The findings call for educational reform, digital literacy programs, and inclusive policy interventions to mitigate polarization and foster democratic cohesion.
