Mangrove Health in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency: Carbon Stock to Support Indonesia's FOLU Net Sink 2030
Faisal M Jasin*, Haerul Anwar, Anim Purwanto and Rihlah Nur Aulia
ABSTRACT
Mangrove ecosystems are among the world's most effective natural carbon sinks and play a strategic role in climate change mitigation. Indonesia, home to approximately one-quarter of the world's total mangroves, has positioned mangrove conservation and rehabilitation as a key pillar of its FOLU Net Sink 2030 policy. This study aims to assess mangrove health and estimate carbon stocks in Muara Gembong District, Bekasi Regency, West Java, a peri-urban coastal area with high anthropogenic pressure. Mangrove health assessments were conducted using Sentinel-2 imagery processed through Google Earth Engine using the NDVI approach, while carbon stock estimates were calibrated using field measurements of aboveground biomass. The analysis results indicate a decline in healthy mangroves in the 2020–2025 period, followed by a net carbon stock decline of approximately 412 tons. This decline was primarily due to the degradation of medium-density mangroves, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem resilience. These findings propose the FMJ-IM³ Model as an integrated mangrove management framework that integrates ecosystem health monitoring, carbon-based rehabilitation, and community empowerment. Mangrove management models based on ecosystem health and carbon stock data at the local scale can make a significant contribution to achieving national climate change mitigation targets.
