Magnitude and Factors Associated With Tuberculosis Among Diabetic Patients At Selected Public Health Facilities in Jigjiga City, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Abas Abdi Mahamed, Abdinasir Abdilahi Mahamed*, Mahamed Abib Abdirashid and Fathiya Budul Ismail
ABSTARCT
Background: Chronic diseases particularly diabetes mellitus have long been recognized that it substantially contributes to the burden of tuberculosis worldwide. People with diabetes have more than three tmes higher risk of developing active tuberculosis than people without diabetes. However, the prevalence of tuberculosis among diabetic patients in Somali region of Ethiopia is not well known as to our knowledge.
Objective: To assess the magnitude and factors associated with tuberculosis among diabetic patients at selected public health facilities in Jigjiga city, eastern Ethiopia.
Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out in selected public health facilities of Jigjiga city. Data were retrospectively retrieved from records of diabetic patients aged ≥18 years who received reatment between January 2017 and January 2021. Information was abstracted using checklists, entered into Epi-data 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics summarized key ariables, while multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors of tuberculosis among diabetic patients. Results were reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, using a p-value < 0.05 to determine statistical significance.
Results: The prevalence of tuberculosis among diabetic patients was 21% (95% CI: 17.3%–25%). Independent predictors of TB included low body mass index (<18.5 kg/m²) (AOR = 24.6; 95% CI: 5.44–111.5), history of TB treatment (AOR = 15.3; 95% CI: 2.65–88.0), and close contact with TB patients (AOR = 9.44; 95% CI: 3.04–29.2). Among these, low BMI emerged as the strongest predictor of TB in diabetic patients.
Conclusion: One-fifth of adult diabetic patients in the study had active tuberculosis. Low body mass index, previous history of TB, and close contact with TB patients were identified as significant predictors.
