Integration of Bim in Operation and Maintenance for The Optimization of Technical Management and The Preservation of The Tangible Cultural Heritage of Peru
Jorge Pablo Aguilar Zavaleta
ABSTRACT
Peru’s tangible cultural heritage faces a significant technological challenge: incorporating the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase. Currently, information is fragmented and poorly understood, leading to disjointed decision-making in a context of high seismic vulnerability (the Ring of Fire) and diverse construction methods (adobe, stone, earth, and mixed systems). In this scenario, Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its extension to Heritage BIM (HBIM) offer a way to consolidate geometry, history, materiality, diagnosis, and traceability of interventions within a collaborative environment oriented toward the life cycle of historical monuments. However, the effective adoption of BIM in heritage is not solely a technological matter; it requires standardization, interoperability, and an explicit definition of the level of information required for each case, avoiding oversized models that cost more than the budget allocated for conservation. This article performs a structured review of literature and applied evidence (2008-2025), through a thematic synthesis and a technical evaluation, proposing a minimum information architecture and a gradual roadmap for the large list of monuments in Peru, carrying out an integration of openBIM (IFC), CDE repositories, asset inventories (COBie or equivalents) and necessary LOD/LOI criteria.
