Analysis of Reported Rabies Suspects in Lemu-Bilbilo, Ethiopia: A One-Year Retrospective Study
Mitiku Wamile Arada
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to assess the frequency of animal bite incidents, analyze their characteristics, and determine risk factors for dog bites in Lemu Bilbilo District, Arsi Zone, and Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. A retrospective review was conducted on suspected rabies cases (dog bites) reported in the district during 2013/2014 (a one-year period).
Findings: A total of 316 animal bite cases were recorded, resulting in an estimated annual incidence of approximately 137 cases per 100,000 people. Males (56.6%) were more frequently affected than females (43.4%), and children (ages 0–19) were bitten at a higher rate than adults. Neighbor-owned dogs were responsible for 34.2% of the bites, while domestic dogs accounted for 95% of all cases. Other animals, including monkeys (1.9%), donkeys (1.6%), cattle (0.9%), wild animals (0.3%), and horses (0.3%), were less involved. Nearly all victims (94.3%) reported that the biting dogs showed signs of rabies. the tetanus vaccine. Most bite incidents occurred between August and October each year. Children, especially those aged 1–19.9 years, were the most affected group, with the majority of bites (67.4%) occurring on the lower limbs, regardless of age. Among those who sought medical care, 38% received the rabies vaccine, 15.8% were given both rabies and tetanus vaccines, and only 1% received just
Conclusion: The study highlights that dog bites, particularly from rabies-suspected animals, are a significant concern in Lemu-Bilbilo, disproportionately affecting children and peaking in autumn. To address this issue, enhanced rabies surveillance, public education on bite prevention (especially for children), and improved rabies control policies are essential. Recommended interventions include community awareness programs on dog behavior, child-dog interactions, bite risks, and proper wound management.
